Port is made by adding grape spirit partway through fermentation, which kills the yeast and locks in residual sugar alongside a higher alcohol level. The resulting wine then ages in one of two directions: Ruby styles are bottled young and kept fresh and fruity (or, for Vintage Port, aged for decades in bottle after a short time in barrel), while Tawny styles age slowly in wood, taking on nutty, caramelised notes and a lighter colour over years or decades. Both come from the same steep Douro vineyards and the same core grapes.

Key grapes: Touriga Nacional, Touriga Franca, Tinta Roriz, Tinta Barroca